Изворни код странице Nitrotriazolon

{{chembox-lat
| Reference      = <ref>{{cite web|title=Nitrotriazolone|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3453883#section=Chemical-and-Physical-Properties|website=PubChem|publisher=[[National Institutes of Health]]|accessdate=16 November 2016|archive-date=17 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117062959/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3453883#section=Chemical-and-Physical-Properties|url-status=live}}</ref>
| PIN            = 5-Nitro-1,2-dihydro-3''H''-1,2,4-triazin-3-one
| OtherNames     = 
| ImageFile      = Nitrotriazolone.svg
| Section1       = {{Chembox Identifiers-lat
| Abbreviations = NTO
| InChI1 = 1S/C2H2N4O3/c7-2-3-1(4-5-2)6(8)9/h(H2,3,4,5,7)
| InChIKey1 = QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 932-64-9
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 43WPQ5QCE3
| UNNumber = [[List of UN Numbers 0401 to 0500|0490]]
| EINECS = 213-254-4
| SMILES = C1(=NC(=O)NN1)[N+](=O)[O-]
|  PubChem = 3453883
|  ChemSpiderID = 2696109
|  MeSHName = C420648
 }}
| Section2       = {{Chembox Properties-lat
| C=2 | H=2 | N=4 | O=3
| Appearance = Beli, žućkasto bež do svetlo žuti prah, kristali ili perle
| Odor = Bez mirisa
| Density =  1.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20&nbsp;°C)
| MeltingPtC =  268-271
| BoilingPtC =  
| Solubility =  17,200 mg/L
| SolubleOther =  Rastvorljiv u [[aceton]]u, [[etil acetat]]u <br /> Slabo rastvorljiv u [[dihlorometan]]u
| LogP = -1.699 (22&nbsp;°C)
| Solvent =  
| pKa =3.76 (20&nbsp;°C)
| pKb = 
| VaporPressure =  
| AtmosphericOHRateConstant = 
}}
| Section3       = {{Chembox Explosive-lat
| ShockSens = Veoma nizak
| FrictionSens = Veoma nizak
| DetonationV = 8,500 m/s 
| REFactor = 
}}
| Section4       = {{Chembox Thermochemistry-lat
| DeltaGf = 
| DeltaHc = -934.4 kJ/mol
| DeltaHf = 
| Entropy = 
| HeatCapacity = 124.5 J/K at (47&nbsp;°C)
  }}
| Section5       = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = 
| Coordination = 
| MolShape = 
  }}
| Section6       = {{Chembox Hazards-lat
| MainHazards = 
| NFPA-H = 
| NFPA-F = 
| NFPA-I = 
| NFPA-S = 
| ExternalSDS = 
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS01}} {{GHS02}} {{GHS07}} {{GHS08}}
| GHSSignalWord = Opasnost
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|209|223|242|301|313|315|319|333|335}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|280|270|262|260|220|210}}
| FlashPt = 
| ExploLimits = 
| LD50 = 
| PEL = 
  }}
| Section8       = {{Chembox Related-lat
| OtherCompounds = 
  }}
}}

'''Nitrotriazolon''' ( NTO ) je heterociklični ketonski visoki [[eksploziv]] koji je prvi put identifikovan 1905. godine, ali istraživanje njegovih eksplozivnih svojstava nije sprovedeno sve do 1980-ih. <ref name="Agrawal2015">{{cite book|author=Jai Prakash Agrawal|title=High Energy Materials: Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z25cCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124|date=20 November 2015|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-3-527-80268-5|pages=124–|access-date=20 August 2019|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125142438/https://books.google.com/books?id=z25cCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124|url-status=live}}</ref> NTO trenutno koristi američka vojska u [[Муниција|municiji]], posebno neosetljivoj municiji koja zamenjuje onu napravljenu starim [[eksploziv]]om. <ref name="envod">{{cite web|last1=Winstead|first1=Bob|title=Nitrotriazolone: An Environmental Odyssey|url=http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2011system/13232_WinsteadWednesday.pdf|publisher=NDIA Systems Engineering Conference|accessdate=16 November 2016|date=26 October 2011|archive-date=13 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213182049/http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2011system/13232_WinsteadWednesday.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

'''Nitrotriazolon''' se progresivno koristi u novim eksplozivnim formulacijama, kao što je IMX-101, nova sigurnija alternativa [[TNT (eksploziv)|TNT-u]] koju je specijalno osmislio 2010. godine BAE Sistems, gde je kombinovan sa 2,4-dinitroanizolom i [[nitrogvanidin]]om. Kao takav, NTO se nalazi u velikoj većini IMX formulacija. Picatinni Arsenal je takođe usvojio primenu NTO i DNAN u mnogim njihovim novorazvijenim neosetljivim mešavinama [[eksploziv]]a, koje dele mnoge iste primene kao IMX. <ref name="Singh2013">{{cite book|author=Shree Nath Singh|title=Biological Remediation of Explosive Residues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5EnABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA285|date=4 August 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-319-01083-0|pages=285–|access-date=20 August 2019|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125142454/https://books.google.com/books?id=5EnABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA285|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Svojstva ==

'''Nitrotriazolon''' pokazuje keto-enol tautomerizam kroz reakcije prenosa protona. Keto oblik pokazuje značajno različitu stabilnost na toplotu, trenje i udar. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=Rongbin |last2=Fei |first2=Zhongjie |last3=Yoosefian |first3=Mehdi |date=August 2021 |title=Water molecules can significantly increase the explosive sensitivity of Nitrotriazolone (NTO) in storage and transport |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167732221010965 |journal=Journal of Molecular Liquids |language=en |volume=336 |pages=116372 |doi=10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116372|s2cid=235575519 }}</ref>

Na sobnoj temperaturi, NTO je bela kristalna čvrsta supstanca sa gustinom od 1,93 g/cm³. Tehnički proizvod ima boju seladona. Topi se na približno 260 [[Степен целзијуса|°C]] uz raspadanje. Slobodno rastvorljiv u vrućoj vodi, N-metilpirolidonu i [[etanol]]u. Može se kristalisati iz ovih rastvarača.

'''Nitrotriazolon''' može da formira mono ili [[dihidrat]]. <ref name=":0" />

== Priprema ==

NTO je prvi put napravljen 1905. godine u procesu u dva koraka. [[Semikarbazid]] hidrohlorid se [[Reakcija kondenzacije|kondenzuje]] sa [[Мравља киселина|mravljom kiselinom]] da bi se dobio 1,2,4-triazol-3-on, koji je nitriran sa [[Азотна киселина|azotnom kiselinom]] da bi se formirao nitrotriazolon. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mukundan |first1=T. |last2=Purandare |first2=G. N. |last3=Nair |first3=J. K. |last4=Pansare |first4=S. M. |last5=Sinha |first5=R. K. |last6=Singh |first6=Haridwar |date=2002-04-01 |title=Explosive Nitrotriazolone Formulates |url=http://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/dsj/article/view/2157 |journal=Defence Science Journal |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=127–133 |doi=10.14429/dsj.52.2157 |access-date=06. 07. 2023 |archive-date=29. 01. 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129214129/https://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/dsj/article/view/2157 |url-status= }}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Toksičnost ==

''[[In vivo]]'' studije su pokazale da se nitrotriazolon apsorbuje kroz kožu i gastrointestinalni trakt. U [[Бубрег|bubrezima]], NTO se razlaže na 5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-on, koji se podvrgava oksidativnoj denitrifikaciji i formira urazole i [[nitrit]]e kod [[pacov]]a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1,2-dihydro-5-nitro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one |url=https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5380 |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=European Chemical Agency |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Korišćenje ==

U vojsci [[SAD]] se puni u smeši sa nitrogvanidinom i 2,4-dinitroanizolom pod imenom IMX-101 <ref> BAE IMX-101 Explosive Approved To Replace TNT In US Army Artillery</ref>  u artiljerijskim granatama. U [[Француска|Francuskoj]] se koristi u artiljerijskim granatama pod imenom MCX-6100 u mešavini sa [[heksogen]]om i [[dinitroanizol]]om.

== Reference ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Подножје|lat=da}}

[[Категорија:Експлозиви]]
[[Категорија:TNT]]